The eLignin Microbial Database

A curated resource for microbial metabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds

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vanillic acid

Compound Overview

Name vanillic acid
IUPAC Name 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid
Formula C8H8O4
SMILES COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O
Carbon Number 8
Molecular Weight 168.15
Polymer Type monomer
Synonyms Vanillate
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid

Chemical Structure

Chemical structure of vanillic acid

Structure from PubChem

External Databases

CAS 121-34-6
PubChem 8468
KEGG C06672
ChEBI 30816
Empirical Data

Organisms that can utilize this substrate (63) Empirical

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Organism ▲ ▼ Strain ▲ ▼ Reference ▲ ▼ Comment ▲ ▼
Cupriavidus laharis 1263a Sato et al (2006) -
Fusarium oxysporum 4287 Michielse et al (2012) -
Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv2 (ATCC 39116) Pometto III et al (1981), Sutherland et al (1983) -
Microbacterium phyllosphaerae A1.1 Taylor et al (2012) -
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense A4.3 Taylor et al (2012) -
Rhodococcus erythropolis A5.1 Taylor et al (2012) -
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 Salvachúa et al (2015), Fischer et al (2008) -
Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 Paulsen et al (2005) -
Clostridium thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 Daniel et al (1988) (anaerobically)
Rhodococcus fascians AY730713 Song (2009) -
Comamonas sp. B-9 (CGMCC No. 4251) Chen et al (2012) -
Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 Providenti et al (2006) -
Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae C4.1 Taylor et al (2012) -
Serratia marcescens C5 Rhoads et al (1995) -
Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 658.76 Middelhoven (1993) -
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS17 Sampaio (1999) -
Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA001 Harwood et al (1988) -
Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1 Ni et al (2012) -
Streptomyces sp. D7 Chow et al (1999) -
Rhodosporidiobolus colostri DBVPG 10655 Margesin et al (2022) (not as sole carbon source, only in presence of other aromatics)
Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 Kosa et al (2011) -
Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 Ravi et al (2018) -
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 Delneri et al (1995) -
Micrococcus luteus E1.1 Taylor et al (2012) -
Pseudomonas putida F1 Hirose et al (2013) -
Leucosporidium scottii G43 Middelhoven (1993) -
Pseudomonas sp. HR199 Overhage et al (1999) -
Rhodotorula rubra IFO 889 Huang et al (1993) -
Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 Yaegashi et al (2017) -
Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31 GONZaLEZ et al (1997) -
Pseudomonas sp. Isolate 9.1 Ravi et al (2018) -
Oceanimonas doudoroffii JCM21046T Numata et al (2015) -
Serratia sp. JHT01 Tian et al (2016) -
Pseudomonas sp. KF704 Hirose et al (2013) -
Burkholderia cepacia KK01 Kato et al (1998) -
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Salvachúa et al (2015), Ravi et al (2017) -
Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40 GONZaLEZ et al (1997) -
Pandoraea norimbergensis LD001 Bandounas et al (2011) -
Pseudomonas sp. LLC-1 Hirose et al (2013) -
Ochrobactrum sp. LLC-2 Hirose et al (2013) -
Klebsiella sp. LLC-3 Hirose et al (2013) -
Acetobacterium dehalogenans MC Kaufmann et al (1998) (anaerobically)
Azotobacter vinelandii NBRC13581 Hirose et al (2013) -
Flavobacterium lutescens NBRC3084 Hirose et al (2013) -
Acetobacterium woodii NZva16 Bache et al (1981) (anaerobically)
Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (DSMZ 44193) Henson et al (2018) -
Serratia liquefaciens sp. PT01 Tian et al (2016) -
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens PT02 Tian et al (2016) -
Stenotrophomonas sp. PT03 Tian et al (2016) -
Mesorhizobium sp. PT04 Tian et al (2016) -
Pseudomonas putida Perestelo isolate 3 Perestelo et al (1996) -
Rhodotorula sp. R2 Hainal et al (2012) -
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Salvachúa et al (2015) -
Clostridium methoxybenzovorans SR3 Mechichi et al (2005) (anaerobically)
Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 Katayama et al (1988) -
Burkholderia cepacia Song isolate 1 - Song2009
Pantoea dispersa Song isolate 2 Song (2009) -
Rhodococcus fascians Song isolate 3 Song (2009) -
Sphingobacterium sp. T2 Taylor et al (2012) -
Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M Azman (2015) -
Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 Sudtachat et al (2009) -
Pseudomonas mira V2 Jurková et al (1993) -
Rhizobium sp. YS-1r Jackson et al (2017) -

Pathways Empirical

Pathway Name Full Name
vanillin I vanillin I
vanillin II vanillin II
guaiacol guaiacol
Predicted Relationships Hide predicted
The sections below contain relationships inferred from the empirical data above. They are computationally predicted and have not been independently verified. Learn more about data assumptions →
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Organisms predicted to process vanillic acid through a pathway Predicted

For each pathway where vanillic acid enters as a reactant, organisms recorded as being able to utilise it but not yet confirmed for that pathway are listed as predicted. Not experimentally verified. What does this mean?

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Organism Strain Inferred via pathway Reference confirming vanillic acid utilization
Acetobacterium dehalogenans MC guaiacol Kaufmann et al (1998)
Acetobacterium woodii NZva16 guaiacol Bache et al (1981)
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 guaiacol Salvachúa et al (2015), Fischer et al (2008)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 guaiacol Delneri et al (1995)
Azotobacter vinelandii NBRC13581 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 guaiacol Sudtachat et al (2009)
Burkholderia cepacia KK01 guaiacol Kato et al (1998)
Burkholderia cepacia Song isolate 1 guaiacol -
Clostridium methoxybenzovorans SR3 guaiacol Mechichi et al (2005)
Clostridium thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 guaiacol Daniel et al (1988)
Comamonas sp. B-9 (CGMCC No. 4251) guaiacol Chen et al (2012)
Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 guaiacol Providenti et al (2006)
Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1 guaiacol Ni et al (2012)
Cupriavidus laharis 1263a guaiacol Sato et al (2006)
Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 658.76 guaiacol Middelhoven (1993)
Flavobacterium lutescens NBRC3084 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Fusarium oxysporum 4287 guaiacol Michielse et al (2012)
Klebsiella sp. LLC-3 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Leucosporidium scottii G43 guaiacol Middelhoven (1993)
Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40 guaiacol GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Mesorhizobium sp. PT04 guaiacol Tian et al (2016)
Microbacterium phyllosphaerae A1.1 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31 guaiacol GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Micrococcus luteus E1.1 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Oceanimonas doudoroffii JCM21046T guaiacol Numata et al (2015)
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense A4.3 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae C4.1 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum sp. LLC-2 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Pandoraea norimbergensis LD001 guaiacol Bandounas et al (2011)
Pantoea dispersa Song isolate 2 guaiacol Song (2009)
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens PT02 guaiacol Tian et al (2016)
Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 guaiacol Paulsen et al (2005)
Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 guaiacol Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas mira V2 guaiacol Jurková et al (1993)
Pseudomonas putida F1 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 guaiacol Salvachúa et al (2015), Ravi et al (2017)
Pseudomonas putida Perestelo isolate 3 guaiacol Perestelo et al (1996)
Pseudomonas sp. HR199 guaiacol Overhage et al (1999)
Pseudomonas sp. Isolate 9.1 guaiacol Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas sp. KF704 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas sp. LLC-1 guaiacol Hirose et al (2013)
Rhizobium sp. YS-1r guaiacol Jackson et al (2017)
Rhodococcus erythropolis A5.1 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Rhodococcus fascians AY730713 guaiacol Song (2009)
Rhodococcus fascians Song isolate 3 guaiacol Song (2009)
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 guaiacol Salvachúa et al (2015)
Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 guaiacol Kosa et al (2011)
Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M guaiacol Azman (2015)
Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA001 guaiacol Harwood et al (1988)
Rhodosporidiobolus colostri DBVPG 10655 guaiacol Margesin et al (2022)
Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 guaiacol Yaegashi et al (2017)
Rhodotorula sp. R2 guaiacol Hainal et al (2012)
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS17 guaiacol Sampaio (1999)
Serratia liquefaciens sp. PT01 guaiacol Tian et al (2016)
Serratia marcescens C5 guaiacol Rhoads et al (1995)
Serratia sp. JHT01 guaiacol Tian et al (2016)
Sphingobacterium sp. T2 guaiacol Taylor et al (2012)
Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 guaiacol Katayama et al (1988)
Stenotrophomonas sp. PT03 guaiacol Tian et al (2016)
Streptomyces sp. D7 guaiacol Chow et al (1999)
Acetobacterium dehalogenans MC vanillin I Kaufmann et al (1998)
Acetobacterium woodii NZva16 vanillin I Bache et al (1981)
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 vanillin I Salvachúa et al (2015), Fischer et al (2008)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 vanillin I Delneri et al (1995)
Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv2 (ATCC 39116) vanillin I Pometto III et al (1981), Sutherland et al (1983)
Azotobacter vinelandii NBRC13581 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 vanillin I Sudtachat et al (2009)
Burkholderia cepacia KK01 vanillin I Kato et al (1998)
Burkholderia cepacia Song isolate 1 vanillin I -
Clostridium methoxybenzovorans SR3 vanillin I Mechichi et al (2005)
Clostridium thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 vanillin I Daniel et al (1988)
Comamonas sp. B-9 (CGMCC No. 4251) vanillin I Chen et al (2012)
Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 vanillin I Providenti et al (2006)
Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1 vanillin I Ni et al (2012)
Cupriavidus laharis 1263a vanillin I Sato et al (2006)
Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 658.76 vanillin I Middelhoven (1993)
Flavobacterium lutescens NBRC3084 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Fusarium oxysporum 4287 vanillin I Michielse et al (2012)
Klebsiella sp. LLC-3 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Leucosporidium scottii G43 vanillin I Middelhoven (1993)
Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40 vanillin I GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Mesorhizobium sp. PT04 vanillin I Tian et al (2016)
Microbacterium phyllosphaerae A1.1 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31 vanillin I GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Micrococcus luteus E1.1 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Oceanimonas doudoroffii JCM21046T vanillin I Numata et al (2015)
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense A4.3 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae C4.1 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum sp. LLC-2 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Pandoraea norimbergensis LD001 vanillin I Bandounas et al (2011)
Pantoea dispersa Song isolate 2 vanillin I Song (2009)
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens PT02 vanillin I Tian et al (2016)
Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 vanillin I Paulsen et al (2005)
Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 vanillin I Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas mira V2 vanillin I Jurková et al (1993)
Pseudomonas putida F1 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 vanillin I Salvachúa et al (2015), Ravi et al (2017)
Pseudomonas putida Perestelo isolate 3 vanillin I Perestelo et al (1996)
Pseudomonas sp. HR199 vanillin I Overhage et al (1999)
Pseudomonas sp. Isolate 9.1 vanillin I Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas sp. KF704 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas sp. LLC-1 vanillin I Hirose et al (2013)
Rhizobium sp. YS-1r vanillin I Jackson et al (2017)
Rhodococcus erythropolis A5.1 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Rhodococcus fascians AY730713 vanillin I Song (2009)
Rhodococcus fascians Song isolate 3 vanillin I Song (2009)
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 vanillin I Salvachúa et al (2015)
Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 vanillin I Kosa et al (2011)
Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (DSMZ 44193) vanillin I Henson et al (2018)
Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M vanillin I Azman (2015)
Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA001 vanillin I Harwood et al (1988)
Rhodosporidiobolus colostri DBVPG 10655 vanillin I Margesin et al (2022)
Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 vanillin I Yaegashi et al (2017)
Rhodotorula sp. R2 vanillin I Hainal et al (2012)
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS17 vanillin I Sampaio (1999)
Rhodotorula rubra IFO 889 vanillin I Huang et al (1993)
Serratia liquefaciens sp. PT01 vanillin I Tian et al (2016)
Serratia marcescens C5 vanillin I Rhoads et al (1995)
Serratia sp. JHT01 vanillin I Tian et al (2016)
Sphingobacterium sp. T2 vanillin I Taylor et al (2012)
Stenotrophomonas sp. PT03 vanillin I Tian et al (2016)
Streptomyces sp. D7 vanillin I Chow et al (1999)
Acetobacterium dehalogenans MC vanillin II Kaufmann et al (1998)
Acetobacterium woodii NZva16 vanillin II Bache et al (1981)
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 vanillin II Salvachúa et al (2015), Fischer et al (2008)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 vanillin II Delneri et al (1995)
Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv2 (ATCC 39116) vanillin II Pometto III et al (1981), Sutherland et al (1983)
Azotobacter vinelandii NBRC13581 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 vanillin II Sudtachat et al (2009)
Burkholderia cepacia KK01 vanillin II Kato et al (1998)
Burkholderia cepacia Song isolate 1 vanillin II -
Clostridium methoxybenzovorans SR3 vanillin II Mechichi et al (2005)
Clostridium thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 vanillin II Daniel et al (1988)
Comamonas sp. B-9 (CGMCC No. 4251) vanillin II Chen et al (2012)
Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 vanillin II Providenti et al (2006)
Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1 vanillin II Ni et al (2012)
Cupriavidus laharis 1263a vanillin II Sato et al (2006)
Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 658.76 vanillin II Middelhoven (1993)
Flavobacterium lutescens NBRC3084 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Fusarium oxysporum 4287 vanillin II Michielse et al (2012)
Klebsiella sp. LLC-3 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Leucosporidium scottii G43 vanillin II Middelhoven (1993)
Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40 vanillin II GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Mesorhizobium sp. PT04 vanillin II Tian et al (2016)
Microbacterium phyllosphaerae A1.1 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31 vanillin II GONZaLEZ et al (1997)
Micrococcus luteus E1.1 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Oceanimonas doudoroffii JCM21046T vanillin II Numata et al (2015)
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense A4.3 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae C4.1 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Ochrobactrum sp. LLC-2 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Pandoraea norimbergensis LD001 vanillin II Bandounas et al (2011)
Pantoea dispersa Song isolate 2 vanillin II Song (2009)
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens PT02 vanillin II Tian et al (2016)
Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 vanillin II Paulsen et al (2005)
Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 vanillin II Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas mira V2 vanillin II Jurková et al (1993)
Pseudomonas putida F1 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 vanillin II Salvachúa et al (2015), Ravi et al (2017)
Pseudomonas putida Perestelo isolate 3 vanillin II Perestelo et al (1996)
Pseudomonas sp. HR199 vanillin II Overhage et al (1999)
Pseudomonas sp. Isolate 9.1 vanillin II Ravi et al (2018)
Pseudomonas sp. KF704 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Pseudomonas sp. LLC-1 vanillin II Hirose et al (2013)
Rhizobium sp. YS-1r vanillin II Jackson et al (2017)
Rhodococcus erythropolis A5.1 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Rhodococcus fascians AY730713 vanillin II Song (2009)
Rhodococcus fascians Song isolate 3 vanillin II Song (2009)
Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 vanillin II Salvachúa et al (2015)
Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 vanillin II Kosa et al (2011)
Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M vanillin II Azman (2015)
Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA001 vanillin II Harwood et al (1988)
Rhodosporidiobolus colostri DBVPG 10655 vanillin II Margesin et al (2022)
Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 vanillin II Yaegashi et al (2017)
Rhodotorula sp. R2 vanillin II Hainal et al (2012)
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS17 vanillin II Sampaio (1999)
Rhodotorula rubra IFO 889 vanillin II Huang et al (1993)
Serratia liquefaciens sp. PT01 vanillin II Tian et al (2016)
Serratia marcescens C5 vanillin II Rhoads et al (1995)
Serratia sp. JHT01 vanillin II Tian et al (2016)
Sphingobacterium sp. T2 vanillin II Taylor et al (2012)
Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 vanillin II Katayama et al (1988)
Stenotrophomonas sp. PT03 vanillin II Tian et al (2016)
Streptomyces sp. D7 vanillin II Chow et al (1999)

Reactions involving vanillic acid

Reaction Role in Reaction
Vanillic acid + tetrahydrofolic acid → protocatechuic acid + 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate substrate
Vanillic acid + NADH + O2 + H+ → protocatechuic acid + formaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O substrate
Vanillin + NAD+ + H2O → Vanillic acid + NADH + 2H+ product
vanillic acid → guaiacol + CO2 substrate

Transporters

Transporter Reference
Cg_vanKp Chaudhry et al (2007)

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