Organism Strain Reference(s) Comment(s) Rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 Kosa, M., & Ragauskas, A. J. (2011). Bioconversion of lignin model compounds with oleaginous Rhodococci. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 93(2), 891–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3743-z - Oceanimonas doudoroffii JCM21046T Numata, K., & Morisaki, K. (2015). Screening of Marine Bacteria To Synthesize Polyhydroxyalkanoate from Lignin: Contribution of Lignin Derivatives to Biosynthesis by Oceanimonas doudoroffii. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 3(4), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00031 - Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 Salvachúa, D., Karp, E. M., Nimlos, C. T., Vardon, D. R., & Beckham, G. T. (2015). Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria. Green Chemistry, 17(11), 4951–4967. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01165e; Fischer, R., Bleichrodt, F. S., & Gerischer, U. C. (2008). Aromatic degradative pathways in Acinetobacter baylyi underlie carbon catabolite repression. Microbiology, 154(10), 3095–3103. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2008/016907-0 - Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Salvachúa, D., Karp, E. M., Nimlos, C. T., Vardon, D. R., & Beckham, G. T. (2015). Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria. Green Chemistry, 17(11), 4951–4967. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01165e; Ravi, K., García-Hidalgo, J., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., & Lidén, G. (2017). Conversion of lignin model compounds by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and isolates from compost. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 101(12), 5059–5070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8211-y - Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 Salvachúa, D., Karp, E. M., Nimlos, C. T., Vardon, D. R., & Beckham, G. T. (2015). Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria. Green Chemistry, 17(11), 4951–4967. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01165e - Rhodococcus erythropolis A5.1 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Rhodococcus fascians AY730713 Song, Y. J. (2009). Characterization of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria isolated from pine litter.. Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37, 333-339. - Pandoraea norimbergensis LD001 Bandounas, L., Wierckx, N. J., de Winde, J. H., & Ruijssenaars, H. J. (2011). Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains exhibiting ligninolytic potential. BMC Biotechnology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-11-94 - Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 Katayama, Y., Nishikawa, S., Murayama, A., Yamasaki, M., Morohoshi, N., & Haraguchi, T. (1988). The metabolism of biphenyl structures in lignin by the soil bacterium (Pseudomonas paucimobilis SYK‐6). FEBS Letters, 233(1), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(88)81369-3 - Pseudomonas sp. HR199 Overhage, J., Priefert, H., & Steinbüchel, A. (1999). Biochemical and Genetic Analyses of Ferulic Acid Catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain HR199. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(11), 4837–4847. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.4837-4847.1999 - Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 Sudtachat, N., Ito, N., Itakura, M., Masuda, S., Eda, S., Mitsui, H., Kawaharada, Y., & Minamisawa, K. (2009). Aerobic Vanillate Degradation and C 1 Compound Metabolism in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(15), 5012–5017. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00755-09 - Acetobacterium dehalogenans MC Kaufmann, F., Wohlfarth, G., & Diekert, G. (1998). O‐Demethylase from Acetobacterium dehalogenans: Cloning, sequencing, and active expression of the gene encoding the corrinoid protein. European Journal of Biochemistry, 257(2), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570515.x (anaerobically) Streptomyces sp. D7 Chow, K. T., Pope, M. K., & Davies, J. (1999). Characterization of a vanillic acid non-oxidative decarboxylation gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. D7 The GenBank accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AF134589.. Microbiology, 145(9), 2393–2403. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-145-9-2393 - Fusarium oxysporum 4287 Michielse, C. B., Reijnen, L., Olivain, C., Alabouvette, C., & Rep, M. (2012). Degradation of aromatic compounds through the β‐ketoadipate pathway is required for pathogenicity of the tomato wilt pathogen F usarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Molecular Plant Pathology, 13(9), 1089–1100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00818.x - Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS17 Sampaio, J. P. (1999). Utilization of low molecular weight aromatic compounds by heterobasidiomycetous yeasts: taxonomic implications. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 45(6), 491–512. https://doi.org/10.1139/w99-020 - Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 Paulsen, I. T., Press, C. M., Ravel, J., Kobayashi, D. Y., Myers, G. S. A., Mavrodi, D. V., DeBoy, R. T., Seshadri, R., Ren, Q., Madupu, R., Dodson, R. J., Durkin, A. S., Brinkac, L. M., Daugherty, S. C., Sullivan, S. A., Rosovitz, M. J., Gwinn, M. L., Zhou, L., Schneider, D. J., ... Loper, J. E. (2005). Complete genome sequence of the plant commensal Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Nature Biotechnology, 23(7), 873–878. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1110 - Sphingobacterium sp. T2 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Micrococcus luteus E1.1 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Microbacterium phyllosphaerae A1.1 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae C4.1 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Serratia marcescens C5 Rhoads, T. L., Mikell Jr., A. T., & Eley, M. H. (1995). Investigation of the lignin-degrading activity of Serratia marcescens: biochemical screening and ultrastructural evidence. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41(7), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1139/m95-079 - Leucosporidium scottii G43 Middelhoven, W. J. (1993). Catabolism of benzene compounds by ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi: A literature review and an experimental approach. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 63(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872388 - Exophiala jeanselmei CBS 658.76 Middelhoven, W. J. (1993). Catabolism of benzene compounds by ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi: A literature review and an experimental approach. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 63(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872388 - Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense A4.3 Taylor, C., Hardiman, E., Ahmad, M., Sainsbury, P., Norris, P., & Bugg, T. (2012). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin from screening of environmental samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05352.x - Comamonas sp. B-9 (CGMCC No. 4251) Chen, Y., Chai, L., Zhu, Y., Yang, Z., Zheng, Y., & Zhang, H. (2012). Biodegradation of kraft lignin by a bacterial strain Comamonas sp. B-9 isolated from eroded bamboo slips: Biodegradation of kraft lignin. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 112(5), 900–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05275.x - Rhizobium sp. YS-1r Jackson, C., Couger, M., Prabhakaran, M., Ramachandriya, K., Canaan, P., & Fathepure, B. (2017). Isolation and characterization ofRhizobiumsp. strain YS-1r that degrades lignin in plant biomass. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 122(4), 940–952. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13401 - Serratia sp. JHT01 Tian, J. H., Pourcher, A. M., & Peu, P. (2016). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin and lignin-related compounds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12581 - Serratia liquefaciens sp. PT01 Tian, J. H., Pourcher, A. M., & Peu, P. (2016). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin and lignin-related compounds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12581 - Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens PT02 Tian, J. H., Pourcher, A. M., & Peu, P. (2016). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin and lignin-related compounds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12581 - Stenotrophomonas sp. PT03 Tian, J. H., Pourcher, A. M., & Peu, P. (2016). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin and lignin-related compounds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12581 - Mesorhizobium sp. PT04 Tian, J. H., Pourcher, A. M., & Peu, P. (2016). Isolation of bacterial strains able to metabolize lignin and lignin-related compounds. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 63(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12581 - Pseudomonas sp. Isolate 9.1 Ravi, K., García-Hidalgo, J., Nöbel, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., & Lidén, G. (2018). Biological conversion of aromatic monolignol compounds by a Pseudomonas isolate from sediments of the Baltic Sea. AMB Express, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0563-x - Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 Yaegashi, J., Kirby, J., Ito, M., Sun, J., Dutta, T., Mirsiaghi, M., Sundstrom, E. R., Rodriguez, A., Baidoo, E., Tanjore, D., Pray, T., Sale, K., Singh, S., Keasling, J. D., Simmons, B. A., Singer, S. W., Magnuson, J. K., Arkin, A. P., Skerker, J. M., & Gladden, J. M. (2017). Rhodosporidium toruloides: a new platform organism for conversion of lignocellulose into terpene biofuels and bioproducts. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0927-5 - Pseudomonas mira V2 Jurková, M., & Wurst, M. (1993). Biodegradation of aromatic carboxylic acids byPseudomonas mira. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 111(2–3), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06393.x - Pseudomonas sp. LLC-1 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Flavobacterium lutescens NBRC3084 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Azotobacter vinelandii NBRC13581 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Pseudomonas sp. KF704 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Pseudomonas putida F1 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Ochrobactrum sp. LLC-2 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Klebsiella sp. LLC-3 Hirose, J., Nagayoshi, A., Yamanaka, N., Araki, Y., & Yokoi, H. (2013). Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-derived low molecular weight compounds. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 18(4), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-012-0807-6 - Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40 GONZaLEZ, J. M., MAYER, F., MORAN, M. A., HODSON, R. E., & WHITMAN, W. B. (1997). Microbulbifer hydrolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Marinobacterium georgiense gen. nov., sp. nov., Two Marine Bacteria from a Lignin-Rich Pulp Mill Waste Enrichment Community. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47(2), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-369 - Microbulbifer hydrolyticus IRE-31 GONZaLEZ, J. M., MAYER, F., MORAN, M. A., HODSON, R. E., & WHITMAN, W. B. (1997). Microbulbifer hydrolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Marinobacterium georgiense gen. nov., sp. nov., Two Marine Bacteria from a Lignin-Rich Pulp Mill Waste Enrichment Community. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47(2), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-369 - Pseudomonas putida Perestelo isolate 3 Perestelo, F., Rodríguez, A., Pérez, R., Carnicero, A., de la Fuente, G., & Falcón, M. A. (1996). Short communication: Isolation of a bacterium capable of limited degradation of industrial and labelled, natural and synthetic lignins. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12(1), 111–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00327817 - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586 Delneri, D., Degrassi, G., Rizzo, R., & Bruschi, C. V. (1995). Degradation of trans-ferulic and p-coumaric acid byAcinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 586. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 1244(2–3), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(95)00021-3 - Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1 Ni, B., Zhang, Y., Chen, D. W., Wang, B. J., & Liu, S. J. (2012). Assimilation of aromatic compounds by Comamonas testosteroni: characterization and spreadability of protocatechuate 4,5-cleavage pathway in bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97(13), 6031–6041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4402-8 - Burkholderia cepacia KK01 Kato, K., Kozaki, S., & Sakuranaga, M. (1998). Degradation of Lignin Compounds by Bacteria from Termite Guts. Biotechnology Letters, 20(5), 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005432027603 - Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (DSMZ 44193) Henson, W. R., Campbell, T., DeLorenzo, D. M., Gao, Y., Berla, B., Kim, S. J., Foston, M., Moon, T. S., & Dantas, G. (2018). Multi-omic elucidation of aromatic catabolism in adaptively evolved Rhodococcus opacus. Metabolic Engineering, 49, 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2018.06.009 - Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 Ravi, K., Abdelaziz, O. Y., Nöbel, M., García-Hidalgo, J., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Hulteberg, C. P., & Lidén, G. (2018). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bacterial conversion of depolymerized Kraft lignin. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1240-7 - Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M Azman, H. (2015). Bioligninolysis: Degradation Of Ionic Liquid Derived Lignin By Rhodococcus. PhD Thesis, Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Natural Sciences,Imperial College London. - Rhodotorula rubra IFO 889 Huang, Z., Dostal, L., & Rosazza, J. (1993). Mechanisms of ferulic acid conversions to vanillic acid and guaiacol by Rhodotorula rubra.. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268(32), 23954–23958. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80477-3 - Burkholderia cepacia Song isolate 1 - Song2009 Pantoea dispersa Song isolate 2 Song, Y. J. (2009). Characterization of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria isolated from pine litter.. Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37, 333-339. - Rhodococcus fascians Song isolate 3 Song, Y. J. (2009). Characterization of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria isolated from pine litter.. Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 37, 333-339. - Acetobacterium woodii NZva16 Bache, R., & Pfennig, N. (1981). Selective isolation of Acetobacterium woodii on methoxylated aromatic acids and determination of growth yields. Archives of Microbiology, 130(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00459530 (anaerobically) Clostridium methoxybenzovorans SR3 Mechichi, T., Patel, B. K., & Sayadi, S. (2005). Anaerobic degradation of methoxylated aromatic compounds by Clostridium methoxybenzovorans and a nitrate-reducing bacterium Thauera sp. strain Cin3,4. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 56(4), 224–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.09.001 (anaerobically) Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA001 Harwood, C. S., & Gibson, J. (1988). Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of diverse aromatic compounds by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54(3), 712–717. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.3.712-717.1988 - Cupriavidus laharis 1263a Sato, Y., Nishihara, H., Yoshida, M., Watanabe, M., Rondal, J. D., Concepcion, R. N., & Ohta, H. (2006). Cupriavidus pinatubonensis sp. nov. and Cupriavidus laharis sp. nov., novel hydrogen-oxidizing, facultatively chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated from volcanic mudflow deposits from Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 56(5), 973–978. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63922-0 - Clostridium thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 Daniel, S. L., Wu, Z., & Drake, H. L. (1988). Growth of thermophilic acetogenic bacteria on methoxylated aromatic acids. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 52(1–2), 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02566.x (anaerobically) Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv2 (ATCC 39116) Pometto III, A. L., Sutherland, J. B., & Crawford, D. L. (1981). Streptomyces setonii: catabolism of vanillic acid via guaiacol and catechol. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 27(6), 636–638. https://doi.org/10.1139/m81-097; Sutherland, J. B., Crawford, D. L., & Pometto III, A. L. (1983). Metabolism of cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids by Streptomyces setonii. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 29(10), 1253–1257. https://doi.org/10.1139/m83-195 - Rhodotorula sp. R2 Hainal, A. R., Capraru, A. M., Volf, I., & Popa, V. I. (2012). Lignin as a carbon source for the cultivation of some Rhodotorula species.. Cellul. Chem. Technol, 46, 87-96. - Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 Providenti, M. A., O’Brien, J. M., Ruff, J., Cook, A. M., & Lambert, I. B. (2006). Metabolism of Isovanillate, Vanillate, and Veratrate by Comamonas testosteroni Strain BR6020. Journal of Bacteriology, 188(11), 3862–3869. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01675-05 - Rhodosporidiobolus colostri DBVPG 10655 Margesin, R., Ludwikowski, T. M., Kutzner, A., & Wagner, A. O. (2022). Low-Temperature Biodegradation of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Model Monomers by the Cold-Adapted Yeast Rhodosporidiobolus colostri Isolated from Alpine Forest Soil. Microorganisms, 10(3), 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030515 (not as sole carbon source, only in presence of other aromatics)